Practice MCQ For Govt Pharmacist Exam, in this article we will solve, Practice MCQ on cellular level of organisation, a topic under Human Anatomy and Physiology first semester. Read following articles for your reference.
Structure and Function of Cell
Transport across cell membrane
Cell Division: Mitosis and Meiosis
Cell junctions
General Principles of Cell Communication
What is the basic structural and functional unit of life?
A) Organ
B) Tissue
C) Cell
D) Organ system
Which organelle is known as the “powerhouse of the cell”?
A) Nucleus
B) Endoplasmic Reticulum
C) Golgi Apparatus
D) Mitochondria
The semi-permeable membrane that surrounds the cell is known as:
A) Cell wall
B) Cell membrane
C) Cytoplasm
D) Nuclear envelope
Which of the following is a component of the cell theory?
A) Cells arise from pre-existing cells
B) All living things are made of cells
C) Cells are the smallest unit of life
D) All of the above
Ribosomes are the sites of:
A) DNA replication
B) Protein synthesis
C) Lipid metabolism
D) Photosynthesis
Which organelle is responsible for photosynthesis in plant cells?
A) Chloroplast
B) Mitochondria
C) Ribosome
D) Lysosome
The control center of the cell that contains genetic material is called:
A) Cytoplasm
B) Mitochondria
C) Nucleus
D) Golgi Apparatus
Which of the following is NOT found in animal cells?
A) Mitochondria
B) Cell wall
C) Ribosomes
D) Lysosomes
The process of programmed cell death is known as:
A) Necrosis
B) Apoptosis
C) Mitosis
D) Cytokinesis
The endoplasmic reticulum is involved in:
A) Protein synthesis
B) Detoxification
C) Energy production
D) Both A and B
Which structure is responsible for modifying, sorting, and packaging proteins?
A) Lysosome
B) Golgi Apparatus
C) Nucleus
D) Peroxisome
Cilia and flagella are used by cells for:
A) Movement
B) Protein synthesis
C) Cell division
D) Energy production
The fluid mosaic model describes the structure of:
A) The nucleus
B) The cell membrane
C) The cytoplasm
D) The mitochondria
Which of the following is a function of the cytoskeleton?
A) Providing structural support
B) Facilitating cell movement
C) Organizing the cell’s contents
D) All of the above
The phase of the cell cycle where the cell grows and performs its normal functions is called:
A) Mitosis
B) Interphase
C) Prophase
D) Telophase
Which type of cell lacks a nucleus?
A) Eukaryotic cell
B) Prokaryotic cell
C) Both A and B
D) Neither A nor B
The organelle responsible for breaking down worn-out cell parts is the:
A) Ribosome
B) Lysosome
C) Mitochondria
D) Endoplasmic Reticulum
Which of the following is a lipid bilayer that forms the outer boundary of the cell?
A) Cell wall
B) Cell membrane
C) Cytoplasm
D) Extracellular matrix
Centrioles are most closely associated with:
A) Cellular respiration
B) DNA replication
C) Cell division
D) Protein synthesis
The jelly-like substance that fills the interior of a cell is called:
A) Plasma
B) Cytoplasm
C) Extracellular fluid
D) Nucleoplasm
Which of the following is NOT a type of transport across the cell membrane?
a) Active transport
b) Facilitated diffusion
c) Osmosis
d) Cellular respiration
The movement of molecules from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration without the use of cellular energy is called:
a) Active transport
b) Facilitated diffusion
c) Simple diffusion
d) Endocytosis
In facilitated diffusion, molecules move across the membrane with the help of:
a) Concentration gradients
b) Channel proteins
ATP hydrolysis
Carrier proteins
Osmosis is the diffusion of:
a) Solutes
b) Water
c) Ions
All of the above
A cell placed in a hypotonic solution will:
a) Shrink
b) Swell
c) Maintain its shape
Burst
The sodium-potassium pump is an example of:
a) Simple diffusion
b) Facilitated diffusion
c) Active transport
Endocytosis
Which of the following molecules can freely diffuse across the phospholipid bilayer?
a) Glucose
b) Oxygen
c) Sodium ions
d) Proteins
Phagocytosis is a type of:
a) Active transport
b) Facilitated diffusion
c) Endocytosis
d) Exocytosis
Bulk movement of materials into or out of the cell in enclosed vesicles is called:
a) Active transport
b) Facilitated diffusion
c) Endocytosis
d) Exocytosis
The release of cellular products by exocytosis requires:
a) Concentration gradients
b) Channel proteins
c) ATP hydrolysis
d) Carrier proteins
The cell cycle is a series of events leading to:
a) Growth and repair
b) Cell division and growth
c) Protein synthesis only
d) Movement only
During which phase of the cell cycle does DNA replication occur?
a) Interphase (G1)
b) Interphase (S)
c) Mitosis (Metaphase)
d) Cytokinesis
Mitosis results in the formation of:
a) Two genetically identical daughter cells
b) Four genetically different daughter cells
c) A single, diploid zygote
d) Haploid gametes
In which phase of mitosis do chromosomes condense and become visible?
a) Prophase
b) Metaphase
c) Anaphase
d) Telophase
During metaphase, chromosomes line up single-file at the:
a) Nuclear envelope
b) Cell membrane
c) Midline (equator) of the cell
d) Centrosomes
Sister chromatids are held together at the centromere by proteins called:
a) Microtubules
b) Kinesins
c) Cohesins
d) Centrioles
The separation of sister chromatids during anaphase is triggered by the action of:
a) Microtubules
b) Kinesins
c) Separase enzymes
d) All of the above
Cytokinesis, the division of the cytoplasm, typically occurs:
a) Simultaneously with mitosis
b) After mitosis is complete
c) Before mitosis begins
d) Not at all, only the nucleus divides
Meiosis is a cell division process that results in the formation of:
a) Two genetically identical daughter cells
b) Four genetically different daughter cells
c) A single, diploid zygote
d) Haploid gametes
Crossing over, a source of genetic variation in meiosis, occurs during:
a) Prophase I
b) Metaphase I
c) Anaphase I
d) Telophase II
Which of the following types of cell junctions allows for direct communication between adjacent cells through cytoplasmic channels?
a) Tight junctions
b) Gap junctions
c) Desmosomes
d) Hemidesmosomes
Tight junctions primarily function to:
a) Allow rapid communication between cells
b) Anchor cells together and form a barrier
c) Connect cells to the extracellular matrix
d) Provide structural support for tissues
Desmosomes, also known as macula adherens, are found in tissues that experience:
a) High pressure
b) Fluid flow
c) Chemical exchange
d) Mechanical stress
Hemidesmosomes are specialized junctions that anchor:
a) Epithelial cells to each other
b) Epithelial cells to the basement membrane
c) Connective tissue cells to each other
d) Muscle cells to bone
Adherens junctions, including zonula adherens, are formed by interactions between:
a) Tightly packed transmembrane proteins
b) Gap junction channels
c) Intermediate filaments and cadherins
d) Integrins and extracellular matrix proteins
Which of the following statements about gap junctions is FALSE?
a) They allow for the passage of small molecules and ions.
b) They are important for coordinated tissue function.
c) They involve the fusion of cell membranes.
d) They are found in tissues like heart and nervous system.
Tight junctions are particularly abundant in the epithelium of organs like:
a) Skin
b) Muscle
c) Nervous tissue
d) Blood
The disruption of gap junctions can be linked to diseases affecting:
a) Skin barrier function
b) Muscle contraction
c) Nerve impulse transmission
d) Bone development
Mutations in genes encoding desmosomal proteins can lead to a blistering skin condition called:
a) Psoriasis
b) Eczema
c) Pemphigus vulgaris
d) Scleroderma
Research suggests that certain types of cell junctions may play a role in:
a) Regulating cell migration during development
b) Metastasis of cancer cells
c) Both a and b
d) Neither a nor b
In cell communication, a signal molecule that binds to a receptor on a target cell is called a:
a) Ligand
b) Receptor
c) Second messenger
d) Target molecule
Which of the following is NOT a type of cell signaling?
a) Paracrine signaling
b) Endocrine signaling
c) Autocrine signaling
d) Direct contact signaling
Paracrine signaling involves communication between:
a) Cells close together but not in direct contact
b) A cell and itself
c) Distant cells via the bloodstream
d) Cells connected by gap junctions
Endocrine signaling relies on:
a) Hormones released into the bloodstream
b) Local messengers acting on nearby cells
c) Direct cell-to-cell contact
d) Electrical signals
The binding of a ligand to a receptor on the cell surface often triggers a cascade of events inside the cell mediated by:
a) Second messengers
b) Gap junctions
c) Extracellular matrix proteins
d) Carrier molecules
Examples of second messengers commonly used in cell signaling include:
a) Calcium ions (Ca2+) and cyclic AMP (cAMP)
b) Glucose and amino acids
c) Water and electrolytes
d) Oxygen and carbon dioxide
G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are a major class of cell surface receptors that typically:
a) Directly activate enzymes inside the cell
b) Require a second messenger for signal transduction
c) Form ion channels that allow specific ions to pass
d) Are internalized into the cell after ligand binding
In signal transduction pathways, signal amplification refers to:
a) The weakening of the signal as it travels through the cell
b) The conversion of a weak signal into a stronger cellular response
c) The degradation of the signaling molecule after its function
d) The direct transfer of the signal to the nucleus
Phosphorylation of proteins by protein kinases is a common mechanism used in cell signaling for:
a) Altering protein activity
b) Transporting molecules across the membrane
c) Breaking down molecules for energy
d) Building new macromolecules
Disruptions in cell signaling pathways can lead to various diseases, including:
a) Cancer
b) Diabetes
c) Autoimmune disorders
d) All of the above
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