Pharmacy Practice MCQ, in this article we will solve, Practice MCQ on the topic, Basic principles of cell injury and adaptation. Read following article for your reference.
Basic Principles Of Cell Injury And Adaptation » PHARMACAREERS
The ability of a cell to maintain a stable internal environment is called:
a) Homeostasis
b) Adaptation
c) Injury
d) Necrosis
Which of the following is NOT a type of feedback system?
a) Positive feedback
b) Negative feedback
c) Open-loop feedback
d) Hormonal feedback
A common cause of cellular injury is:
a) Adequate oxygen supply
b) Exposure to toxins
c) Normal cell growth
d) Balanced nutrient intake
Damage to the cell membrane during injury can lead to:
a) Increased protein synthesis
b) Disruption of ion balance
c) Enhanced energy production
d) Improved waste removal
Mitochondrial dysfunction following injury can impair:
a) Cell division
b) ATP production
c) Protein folding
d) DNA replication
Injury to ribosomes can affect:
a) Protein synthesis
b) Cellular respiration
c) Membrane transport
d) DNA repair
Nuclear damage during severe injury can lead to:
a) Increased cell size
b) Enhanced cell function
c) Cell death
d) Accelerated cell division
Hypertrophy refers to:
a) Decrease in cell size
b) Increase in cell number
c) Increase in organ size
d) Conversion of one cell type to another
Hyperplasia is characterized by:
a) Shrunken cells
b) Increased cell division
c) Loss of cellular function
d) Leaky cell membranes
Metaplasia involves the transformation of:
a) Specialized cells to stem cells
b) One mature cell type to another
c) Dead cells to living cells
d) Functional cells to scar tissue
Which of the following is an example of a reversible cell injury?
a) Cell necrosis
b) Fatty change
c) Karyolysis
d) Pyknosis
Irreversible cell injury ultimately leads to:
a) Increased cell size
b) Enhanced metabolic activity
c) Cell death
d) Tissue regeneration
The removal of dead cells by phagocytes is a process known as:
a) Apoptosis
b) Phagocytosis
c) Necrosis
d) Metaplasia
Which of the following factors can influence the severity of cell injury?
a) Duration of the stress
b) Type of cell
c) Both a and b
d) Neither a nor b
The process by which cells adapt to a stressful environment is called:
a) Homeostasis
b) Cellular injury
c) Cellular adaptation
d) Apoptosis
Hypertrophy of muscle cells can occur in response to:
a) Starvation
b) Regular exercise
c) Lack of oxygen
d) Infection
Hyperplasia of the lining of the uterus occurs during:
a) Pregnancy
b) Menopause
c) Malnutrition
d) Dehydration
Metaplasia of the respiratory epithelium can occur due to:
a) Chronic smoking
b) Excessive exercise
c) Inadequate sleep
d) Improper diet
Which of the following statements about cell injury and adaptation is FALSE?
a) All adaptations are reversible.
b) Injury can lead to cell death.
c) Cells can adapt to maintain homeostasis.
d) The severity of injury depends on various factors.
Understanding cell injury and adaptation is important for:
a) Developing new medications
b) Diagnosing diseases
c) Explaining aging process
d) All of the above
A decrease in cell size is a characteristic of:
a) Hypertrophy
b) Atrophy
c) Hyperplasia
d) Metaplasia
Increased workload on muscle cells can lead to:
a) Decreased protein synthesis
b) Reduced cell number
c) Increased cell size (hypertrophy)
d) Conversion to another cell type
An abnormal increase in the number of cells in an organ is called:
a) Atrophy
b) Hypertrophy
c) Hyperplasia
d) Metaplasia
The transformation of one mature cell type to another, often in response to chronic irritation, is known as:
a) Atrophy
b) Hypertrophy
c) Hyperplasia
d) Metaplasia
Dysplasia refers to:
a) Normal cell growth
b) Abnormal cell development with potential for progression to cancer
c) Increased cell size
d) Conversion of one cell type to another
Cell swelling due to an influx of water or impaired ion transport is a feature of:
a) Atrophy
b) Hypertrophy
c) Hyperplasia
d) Cellular edema
Accumulation of abnormal substances within cells can be caused by:
a) Insufficient oxygen supply
b) Metabolic disorders
c) Exposure to toxins
d) All of the above
Calcification refers to the deposition of:
a) Fatty acids within cells
b) Calcium salts within tissues
c) Protein aggregates within cells
d) Carbohydrates within cells
Leakage of cellular enzymes into the surrounding tissue can cause:
a) Enhanced cell repair
b) Increased cell function
c) Inflammation and tissue damage
d) Improved waste removal
Acidosis refers to a condition of:
a) Increased blood pH
b) Decreased blood pH
c) Abnormal electrolyte balance
d) Disruption of cell membranes
Which of the following is a morphological hallmark of irreversible cell injury?
a) Cellular swelling
b) Increased protein synthesis
c) Nuclear pyknosis (condensation)
d) Enhanced cellular respiration
Cell death by a programmed, controlled process is known as:
a) Necrosis
b) Apoptosis
c) Autolysis
d) Cellular degeneration
Apoptosis is often triggered by:
a) External injuries
b) Internal signaling pathways
c) Inflammation
d) Bacterial infection
In the context of cell injury, alkalosis refers to:
a) Increased blood hydrogen ion concentration
b) Decreased blood hydrogen ion concentration
c) Disruption of cell membranes
d) Abnormal protein synthesis
Electrolyte imbalance during cell injury can disrupt:
a) Nerve impulse transmission
b) Muscle contraction
c) Fluid balance
d) All of the above
Electrolyte imbalance during cell injury can disrupt:
a) Nerve impulse transmission
b) Muscle contraction
c) Fluid balance
d) All of the above
Fatty change (steatosis) refers to the accumulation of:
a) Calcium deposits
b) Carbohydrates within cells
c) Protein aggregates
d) Triglycerides within cells
Balloon degeneration is a morphological change associated with:
a) Loss of cellular function
b) Accumulation of fluids within cells
c) Increased cell size
d) Conversion of cell type
Hydropic degeneration describes:
a) Accumulation of water within cells
b) Calcification within tissues
c) Leakage of cellular enzymes
d) Increased cell proliferation
Karyolysis refers to:
a) Cell membrane rupture
b) Dissolution of nuclear material
c) Condensation of nuclear chromatin
d) Leakage of cellular enzymes
Autophagy is a process where:
a) Cells breakdown and consume their own components
b) Cells engulf and remove dead cells
c) Cells undergo programmed cell death
d) Cells increase in size and number
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