Emetics
Emetics are agents that induce nausea and vomiting. They are used primarily for the emergency treatment of poisoning caused by certain toxins that have been ingested. Emetics work by stimulating the body’s natural response to expel harmful substances through vomiting. The use of emetics is limited to the treatment of poisoning with certain toxins that have been swallowed. Emetics takes a valuable part in poisoning cases. Emetics are added to cough preparations in low doses to stimulate flow of respiratory tract secretions. Inorganic compounds such as copper sulphate, sodium chloride, zinc sulphate and sodium potassium tartrate are used.
Copper sulphate
Molecular formula: CuSO4
Molecular weight: 159.60
Preparation
It is prepared by roasting copper containing sulphide ore in presence of air. The obtained mixture of copper sulphate and copper oxide is treated with dilute sulphuric acid. The resulting solution is filtered and allowed to crystalise. In another method it is prepared by treating granulated copper in the presence of air with sulfuric acid.
2Cu + 2H2SO4 + O2 — > 2CuSO4 + 2H2O
Properties
- It occurs as deep blue, triclinic crystals of pentahydrate or blue crystalline granules or powder
- Shows efflorescence
- Soluble in water
- Almost insoluble in organic solvent
- Aqueous solution is acidic in nature
Uses
- Previously it was used as an emetic, as of now it is no longer used
- It is used externally as astringent and also as fungicide
- It is ingredient of Benedict and Fehling reagent
Sodium potassium tartrate
Molecular formula: C4H4O6NaK.4H2O
Molecular weight: 282.2
Preparation
It is commonly known as Rochelle salt. It is prepared by neutralisation reaction. The solution of sodium carbonate is mixed with potassium bitartrate and boiled for some time. The final solution is filtered, allowed to crystalise and crystals separated out.
2KHC4H4O6 + Na2CO3 — > 2KNaC4H4O6 + H2O + CO2
Properties
- White crystals or powder
- Saline in taste
- Soluble in water
- Insoluble in organic solvent
- Shows effloresces in warm dry air
- It is incompatible with acids, magnesium sulphate and calcium salts
Uses
- Emetics
- Laxative
- Diuretic
- An ingredient in Fehling’s solution
Assay
A known quantity of substance is carbonised in porcelain dish. The residue is extracted with water and sulphuric acid. The filtrate and washings are combined and titrated for excess of acid with sodium hydroxide using methyl orange as indicator.
Summary
Emetics are agents that induce nausea and vomiting. They are primarily used for the emergency treatment of poisoning caused by certain toxins that have been ingested. Although their use is now discouraged.
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