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Limit Test for Chlorides, Sulphates and Iron
Introduction Limit tests are the category of impurity testing in which solution of an unknown sample is compared to a standard solution. Limit test is defined as the quantitative or semi quantitative test designed to identify and control small quantities of impurity which is likely to be present in the substance. In these tests the
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Acids, Bases Theory And pH Scale
Introduction Acids and bases play crucial role in the study of inorganic chemistry. Study of acids and bases helps to understand various chemical reactions and processes. Acids are the substance that donate protons (hydrogen ions) in chemical reactions. Usually, they are sour in taste. Some examples of acids are sulfuric acid, citric acid, acetic acid,
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Physical Parameters for Growth of Bacteria
Physical Parameters for Growth of Bacteria Aside from the kind of media used to support bacterial growth, a number of environmental physical factors are crucial for the best possible growth. Every kind of microorganism needs to have its physical characteristics investigated. Temperature, pH, oxygen, light, hydrostatic pressure, and other factors are a few of these
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Nutritional Requirements of Bacteria
For growth and multiplication, bacteria need adequate nutrition, optimum pH, temperature and oxygen. Microorganisms have been cultivated in laboratories using appropriate artificial media that contain sources of carbon, nitrogen, hydrogen, oxygen, phosphorous, and other elements in very small quantities, such as sodium, potassium, magnesium, and iron. Bacteria can be classified depending on nutritional requirements such
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Introduction to Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes
All living organisms, including microorganisms, are classified as either prokaryotes or eukaryotes. Prokaryotes and eukaryotes are distinguished by their cellular characteristics. Prokaryotic cells lack nuclei and organelles, whereas eukaryotic cells contain both. Prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells share a number of characteristics. Both kinds of cells use DNA to store their genetic information and are surrounded
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Ultrastructure of Bacteria and Its Morphological Classification
Introduction Bacteria are unicellular, free living, microscopic microorganisms capable of performing all the essential functions of life. Bacteria possess both deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and ribonucleic acid (RNA). Bacteria are prokaryotic microorganisms that do not contain chlorophyll. They found in water, soil, air, food and all natural environments. In this article we will see the ultrastructure
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Medicinal Chemistry: Physicochemical Properties in Relation to Biological Action
Medicinal chemistry is a branch of chemistry which deals with synthesis, design and development of pharmaceutical drug. Medicinal chemistry combines expertise from pharmacology and chemistry. Generally medicinal chemists work to make new compounds, determine their effects, modify the structure to minimize the side effects and study the pharmacokinetics properties of the drug. In this article
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Flow Properties of Powders
Introduction The basic and initial requirement in pharmaceutical manufacturing industry is the powder. Flow properties of powders affects many common manufacturing problems. Flow properties of powders are basically mechanical property. Powders may be free flowing or sticky. In this article we will see powder characteristics, factors affecting flow properties of powder, methods to determine flow
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Preformulation: Solubility Profile of Drugs
Introduction The maximum amount of solute dissolved in unit amount of solvent in certain conditions of temperature and pH called as solubility. To enter into systemic circulation, the drug is needed to go into the solution form. Solubility profile plays an important role in preformulation study to design a suitable method for obtaining a solution
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Pharmacognosy: Drug Adulteration and Drug Evaluation
Introduction The therapeutic potential of drugs obtained from natural sources has been recognised by humans for centuries. A rich history of traditional system of medicines gives in-depth knowledge about therapeutic uses of drugs of natural origin. Now a days also drugs of natural origin is popular because of minimum side effects compared to modern system
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