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Montelukast: Structure, Pharmacology, Mechanism, Uses, Side Effects, and Clinical Guide
Introduction Montelukast is a widely used leukotriene receptor antagonist (LTRA) indicated for the management of asthma, allergic rhinitis, and exercise-induced bronchoconstriction. Since its approval by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in 1998, Montelukast has become a cornerstone in the treatment of respiratory conditions, especially for patients who cannot tolerate or require adjunctive therapy…
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Biopsy: A Cornerstone in Modern Medical Diagnosis
Biopsy: A Cornerstone in Modern Medical Diagnosis Introduction A biopsy is one of the most valuable diagnostic tools in modern medicine. It involves the removal of a small sample of tissue, cells, or fluid from the body for microscopic and laboratory examination. Unlike imaging techniques such as X-rays, CT scans, or MRI, which provide structural…
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C-Reactive Protein (CRP) Test: A Complete Guide
C-Reactive Protein (CRP) Test: A Complete Guide Introduction The C-reactive protein (CRP) test is a simple yet highly valuable blood test that helps healthcare professionals detect and monitor inflammation in the body. CRP is a protein produced by the liver in response to inflammation caused by infections, autoimmune conditions, tissue injury, or chronic diseases. Measuring…
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Metformin Unveiled: A Scientific and Clinical Guide
Metformin Unveiled: A Scientific and Clinical Guide Metformin is one of the most widely prescribed and well-studied oral antidiabetic medications in the world. Metformin, a first-line therapy for type 2 diabetes, has been in clinical use for decades due to its proven efficacy, safety profile, and additional benefits beyond blood sugar control. This comprehensive guide delves…
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Zolpidem: Structure, Mechanism of Action, Clinical Uses, Side Effects, Dosage, and FAQs
Zolpidem: Structure, Mechanism of Action, Clinical Uses, Side Effects, Dosage, and FAQs Introduction Zolpidem is a widely prescribed sedative-hypnotic drug primarily indicated for the short-term management of insomnia. Unlike classical benzodiazepines, zolpidem belongs to the imidazopyridine class of drugs and selectively acts on the omega-1 subtype of GABA-A receptors. Because of its rapid onset and…
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NEET-SS Pathology Exam 2025: Ultimate Guide to Ace Your Preparation
The NEET-SS Pathology exam is scheduled for November 2025, and if you are aspiring for DM/ MCh Oncopathology or other super-specialty programs, early and structured preparation is essential. This guide will help you navigate the best resources, mock tests, and study materials from eLearningFRCPath to boost your performance. Why NEET-SS Pathology Requires Focused Preparation The…
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“Betahistine: Structure, Mechanism of Action, Pharmacology, Clinical Uses, and Safety Profile
“Betahistine: Structure, Mechanism of Action, Pharmacology, Clinical Uses, and Safety Profile Introduction Betahistine is a histamine analogue widely used in the management of Ménière’s disease and vestibular vertigo. Since its discovery in the 1960s, betahistine has remained a cornerstone in treating vestibular disorders by improving inner ear microcirculation and modulating histamine receptors. It is particularly…
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Peptic Ulcer Disease
Peptic Ulcer Disease Introduction Peptic ulcer disease (PUD) is one of the most common gastrointestinal disorders worldwide, affecting millions of people annually. It refers to the development of open sores (ulcers) in the lining of the stomach, the first part of the small intestine (duodenum), or occasionally the lower esophagus. Despite being a treatable condition,…
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Migraine: An In-Depth Overview of a Complex Neurological Disorder
Migraine: An In-Depth Overview of a Complex Neurological Disorder Introduction Migraine is far more than just a “bad headache.” It is a chronic neurological disorder characterized by recurrent episodes of moderate to severe headache, often accompanied by a range of sensory disturbances such as nausea, vomiting, visual disturbances, and heightened sensitivity to light, sound, and…
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Chest XRCT (X-ray Computed Tomography): A Complete Guide
Chest XRCT (X-ray Computed Tomography): A Complete Guide Chest XRCT, also known as Chest CT (Computed Tomography) or Chest HRCT (High-Resolution Computed Tomography), is an advanced imaging technique that combines X-ray images taken from different angles to create detailed cross-sectional views of the chest, including the lungs, airways, heart, blood vessels, and bones of the…
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