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Zolpidem: Structure, Mechanism of Action, Clinical Uses, Side Effects, Dosage, and FAQs
Zolpidem: Structure, Mechanism of Action, Clinical Uses, Side Effects, Dosage, and FAQs Introduction Zolpidem is a widely prescribed sedative-hypnotic drug primarily indicated for the short-term management of insomnia. Unlike classical benzodiazepines, zolpidem belongs to the imidazopyridine class of drugs and selectively acts on the omega-1 subtype of GABA-A receptors. Because of its rapid onset and…
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NEET-SS Pathology Exam 2025: Ultimate Guide to Ace Your Preparation
The NEET-SS Pathology exam is scheduled for November 2025, and if you are aspiring for DM/ MCh Oncopathology or other super-specialty programs, early and structured preparation is essential. This guide will help you navigate the best resources, mock tests, and study materials from eLearningFRCPath to boost your performance. Why NEET-SS Pathology Requires Focused Preparation The…
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“Betahistine: Structure, Mechanism of Action, Pharmacology, Clinical Uses, and Safety Profile
“Betahistine: Structure, Mechanism of Action, Pharmacology, Clinical Uses, and Safety Profile Introduction Betahistine is a histamine analogue widely used in the management of Ménière’s disease and vestibular vertigo. Since its discovery in the 1960s, betahistine has remained a cornerstone in treating vestibular disorders by improving inner ear microcirculation and modulating histamine receptors. It is particularly…
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Peptic Ulcer Disease
Peptic Ulcer Disease Introduction Peptic ulcer disease (PUD) is one of the most common gastrointestinal disorders worldwide, affecting millions of people annually. It refers to the development of open sores (ulcers) in the lining of the stomach, the first part of the small intestine (duodenum), or occasionally the lower esophagus. Despite being a treatable condition,…
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Migraine: An In-Depth Overview of a Complex Neurological Disorder
Migraine: An In-Depth Overview of a Complex Neurological Disorder Introduction Migraine is far more than just a “bad headache.” It is a chronic neurological disorder characterized by recurrent episodes of moderate to severe headache, often accompanied by a range of sensory disturbances such as nausea, vomiting, visual disturbances, and heightened sensitivity to light, sound, and…
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Chest XRCT (X-ray Computed Tomography): A Complete Guide
Chest XRCT (X-ray Computed Tomography): A Complete Guide Chest XRCT, also known as Chest CT (Computed Tomography) or Chest HRCT (High-Resolution Computed Tomography), is an advanced imaging technique that combines X-ray images taken from different angles to create detailed cross-sectional views of the chest, including the lungs, airways, heart, blood vessels, and bones of the…
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Cataract: Causes, Pathophysiology, Risk Factors, Treatment, and Prevention
Cataract: Causes, Pathophysiology, Risk Factors, Treatment, and Prevention Cataract is one of the most common causes of visual impairment and blindness globally, particularly in aging populations. It is a condition characterized by clouding or opacity of the natural lens of the eye, which leads to progressive vision loss. Despite its high prevalence, cataract is highly…
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Rheumatoid Arthritis: Understanding, Managing, and Preventing a Chronic Autoimmune Disease
Rheumatoid Arthritis: Understanding, Managing, and Preventing a Chronic Autoimmune Disease Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is more than just joint pain—it’s a chronic, systemic autoimmune disorder that can significantly affect the quality of life. Unlike osteoarthritis, which results from wear and tear, RA is driven by the immune system attacking the body’s own tissues, particularly the synovium—the…
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Understanding Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD): Causes, Risk Factors, Pathophysiology, Treatment & Prevention
Understanding Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD): Causes, Risk Factors, Pathophysiology, Treatment & Prevention Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD) is a chronic digestive disorder that affects millions worldwide. While most people experience occasional heartburn or acid reflux, GERD refers to a more persistent and severe form of this reflux, often requiring long-term management. In this detailed guide,…
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Disulfiram-like Reaction: Causes, Symptoms, Drugs Involved, and Clinical Importance
Disulfiram-like Reaction: Causes, Symptoms, Drugs Involved, and Clinical Importance 📝 Introduction A Disulfiram-like reaction (DLR) is a harmful response that occurs when someone consumes alcohol while taking certain medications that interfere with the normal breakdown of alcohol in the body. The term originates from the drug disulfiram (Antabuse), which was first used in the 1940s…
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